Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol in Conferring Salt Tolerance in Rapeseed by Enhancing K+/Na+ Homeostasis, Osmoregulation, Antioxidant Defense, and Glyoxalase System

This study explored the role of exogenous ?-Toc (0.5 mM) and Asc (1 in alleviating damaging effects salt stress rapeseed plants (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17). Exposure 21-day-old to different levels (75 mM 150 NaCl) resulted higher accumulation sodium ions (Na+), reduced potassium ion (K+) levels, lower K+/Na+ ratio, increased oxidative damage, chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown, disrupted antioxidant glyoxalase systems. Phenotype responses included reductions plant height, shoot fresh weight, dry number siliques plant?1, silique length, seeds silique?1, 1000-seed seed yield plant?1. Exogenous applications enhanced endogenous ascorbate, glutathione (GSH), AsA/dehydroascorbate ratios, GSH/glutathione disulfide, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, catalase activities salt-stressed plants. defense system components insured better tolerance, as indicated by hydrogen peroxide generation, membrane lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage. I II salt-affected Moreover, they regulated proline leaf relative water content, well Chl level. also restored growth improved attributes per rapeseed.